Ikhabhoni yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kwindalo, equka iipropathi zazo phantse zonke izinto ezifumaneka eMhlabeni.Ibonisa uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu, ezifana nobulukhuni obuhlukeneyo kunye nokuthamba, ukuziphatha kwe-insulation-semiconductor-superconductor, ukushisa ubushushu-superconductivity, kunye nokufunxa ukukhanya-okucacileyo okupheleleyo.Phakathi kwezi, izixhobo ezine-sp2 hybridization ngamalungu aphambili osapho lwezixhobo zekhabhoni, kubandakanya igraphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerenes, kunye ne-amorphous glassy carbon.
IiSampulu zeGraphite kunye neGlasi yeKhabhoni
Ngelixa izinto zangaphambili zaziwa kakhulu, masigxininise kwikhabhoni eneglasi namhlanje.Ikhabhoni yeglasi, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiglasi yekhabhoni okanye i-vitreous carbon, idibanisa iipropathi zeglasi kunye neeseramikhi zibe yimathiriyeli yekhabhoni engeyiyo igraphitic.Ngokungafaniyo ne-crystalline graphite, yimathiriyeli ye-amorphous carbon ephantse ibe yi-100% ye-sp2-hybridized.Ikhabhoni yeglasi idityaniswe ngobushushu obuphezulu be-sintering ye-precursor organic compounds, efana ne-phenolic resins okanye i-furfuryl alcohol resins, phantsi kwe-atmosphere yerhasi engasebenziyo.Inkangeleko yayo emnyama kunye nomphezulu ogudileyo ofana neglasi, iyenze yabizwa ngokuba yi "glassy carbon".
Ukususela ekuhlanganiseni kwayo okokuqala ngoososayensi kwi-1962, isakhiwo kunye neempawu zekhabhoni yeglasi ziye zafundwa ngokubanzi kwaye zihlala zingumxholo oshushu kwintsimi ye-carbon materials.Ikhabhoni yeglasi ingahlelwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: Uhlobo I kunye noHlobo lwe-II yeglasi yekhabhoni.Uhlobo lwe-I yeglasi yekhabhoni ifakwe kwi-organic precursors kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-2000°C kwaye iqulathe ubukhulu becala amaqhekeza egraphene ajikwe ngokungakhethiyo.Uhlobo lwe-II ikhabhoni yeglasi, kwelinye icala, igalelwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (~2500°C) kwaye yenza i-amorphous multilayered three-dimensional matrix yezakhiwo ezingqukuva ezifana ne-fulerene ezizimeleyo (njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi).
IMeleri yeSakhiwo seKhabhoni yeglasi (ekhohlo) kunye noMfanekiso weMikroskopu ye-Electron enesombululo esiPhezulu (Ekunene)
Uphando lwakutsha nje lufumanise ukuba Uhlobo lwe-II yekhabhoni yeglasi lubonisa ukunyanzeliswa okuphezulu kunoHlobo lwe-I, olubalelwa kulwakhiwo lwalo oluzihlanganisele lwe-fulerene olufana nesangqa.Ngaphandle komehluko omncinci wejometri, zombini udidi lwe-I kunye noHlobo lwe-II yeematriki zeglasi zekhabhoni zenziwe ngegraphene egobileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweCarbon yeglasi
Ikhabhoni yeglasi ineempawu ezininzi ezibalaseleyo, ezibandakanya ukuxinana okuphantsi, ubunzima obuphezulu, ukomelela okuphezulu, ukunganyameki okuphezulu kwiigesi kunye nolwelo, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, ezenza ukuba zisebenze ngokubanzi kumashishini afana nemveliso, ikhemistri kunye ne-elektroniki.
01 Izicelo zobushushu obuphezulu
Ikhabhoni yeglasi ibonisa ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwirhasi engasebenziyo okanye kwindawo yokufunxa, imelana namaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3000°C.Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto ze-ceramic kunye nentsimbi yobushushu obuphezulu, amandla ekhabhoni yeglasi anyuka ngobushushu kwaye anokufikelela kuma-2700K ngaphandle kokuba brittle.Ikwanayo nobunzima obuphantsi, ukufunxa ubushushu obuphantsi, kunye nokwandiswa kwe-thermal ephantsi, kuyenza ifaneleke usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lobushushu obuphezulu, kubandakanya iityhubhu zokukhusela i-thermocouple, iinkqubo zokulayisha, kunye nezixhobo zesithando somlilo.
02 Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza
Ngenxa yokunganyangeki kwayo okuphezulu, ikhabhoni yeglasi ifumana ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali.Izixhobo ezenziwe ngekhabhoni yeglasi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zelabhoratri zesiqhelo ezenziwe ngeplatinam, igolide, ezinye iintsimbi ezikwaziyo ukuginya, iiseramikhi ezikhethekileyo, okanye i-fluoroplastics.Ezi zibonelelo zibandakanya ukuchasana nazo zonke ii-agent zokubola ezimanzi, akukho mphumo wememori (i-adsorption engalawulwayo kunye ne-desorption yezinto), akukho ukungcoliswa kweesampuli ezihlalutyiweyo, ukuchasana ne-acids kunye ne-alkaline iyancibilika, kunye ne-glass non-porous surface.
03 Ubuchwephesha bamazinyo
Iikhrabhu zekhabhoni zeglasi ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kubuchwephesha bamazinyo ukunyibilikisa isinyithi esixabisekileyo kunye ne-titanium alloys.Banikezela ngezibonelelo ezinje nge-thermal conductivity ephezulu, ubomi obude xa kuthelekiswa ne-graphite crucibles, akukho ukunamathela kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esinqabileyo, ukuxhathisa ukothuka kwe-thermal, ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye ne-titanium alloys, ukusetyenziswa kwe-centrifuges yokujula, ukudala umoya okhuselayo phezu kwesinyithi esityhidiweyo, kunye nokupheliswa kwemfuno yokuguquguquka.
Ukusetyenziswa kweglasi ye-carbon crucibles kunciphisa ukufudumeza kunye namaxesha okunyibilika kwaye ivumela iikhoyili zokufudumeza zeyunithi yokunyibilika ukuba zisebenze kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunezikhongozeli ze-ceramic zendabuko, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ixesha elifunekayo kwi-casting nganye kunye nokwandisa ubomi be-crucible.Ngaphezu koko, ukungabi namanzi kwayo kuphelisa iinkxalabo zokulahleka kwezinto.
04 Izicelo zeSemiconductor
Ikhabhoni yeglasi, enobunyulu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okungaqhelekanga, ukungabikho kokuvelisa amasuntswana, ukuhanjiswa, kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zomatshini, yinto efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-semiconductor.Izikhephe kunye nezikhephe ezenziwe ngekhabhoni yeglasi zingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilika kwendawo yamacandelo e-semiconductor kusetyenziswa iindlela zeBridgman okanye zeCzochralski, i-synthesis ye-gallium arsenide, kunye nokukhula kwekristale enye.Ukongeza, ikhabhoni yeglasi inokusebenza njengamacandelo kwiinkqubo zokufakelwa kwe-ion kunye nee-electrode kwiinkqubo ze-plasma etching.Ukukhanya kwayo okuphezulu kwe-X-reyi kwenza iitshiphu zekhabhoni zeglasi zilungele i-X-ray mask substrates.
Ukuqukumbela, ikhabhoni yeglasi ibonelela ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo ezibandakanya ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukunganyaniseki kweekhemikhali, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo komatshini, okwenza ukuba ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Qhagamshelana neSemicera kwiimveliso zekhabhoni yeglasi yesiko.
I-imeyile:sales05@semi-cera.com
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-18-2023