Yintoni iwafer yesemiconductor?

I-wafer ye-semiconductor yinto encinci, engqukuva yesixhobo se-semiconductor esebenza njengesiseko sokwenziwa kweesekethe ezidibeneyo (ICs) kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane. I-wafer ibonelela ngomphezulu osicaba kunye nofanayo apho kwakhiwe khona izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki.

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-wafer ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela, kubandakanya ukukhula kwekristale enye enkulu yemathiriyeli ye-semiconductor efunwayo, ukusika ikristale ibe ngamacangci amancinci kusetyenziswa isarha yedayimane, emva koko ukupolishwa kunye nokucoca iiwafa ukususa naziphi na iziphene okanye ukungcola okungaphezulu. Ii-wafers ezibangelwayo zinomphezulu othe tyaba kwaye ogudileyo, obaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuyila ezilandelayo.

Nje ukuba ii-wafers zilungisiwe, zingena kuthotho lweenkqubo zokwenziwa kwe-semiconductor, ezinje ngefotografi, i-etching, i-deposition, kunye ne-doping, ukwenza iipateni ezintsonkothileyo kunye neeleya ezifunekayo ukwakha izinto ze-elektroniki. Ezi nkqubo ziphindwe kaninzi kwi-wafer enye ukudala iisekethe ezininzi ezidibeneyo okanye ezinye izixhobo.

Emva kokuba inkqubo yokwenziwa igqityiwe, iitshiphusi zomntu ngamnye ziyahlulwa ngokucofa isiqwenga se-wafer kwimigca echazwe kwangaphambili. Iitshiphusi ezahluliweyo ke zipakishwe ukuze zizikhusele kwaye zibonelele ngoqhagamshelo lombane ukuze kudityaniswe nezixhobo zombane.