Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela i-wafer, kukho izixhumanisi ezimbini eziphambili: enye ilungiselelo le-substrate, kwaye enye kukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo ye-epitaxial. I-substrate, i-wafer eyilwe ngononophelo ukusuka kwi-semiconductor enye imathiriyeli yekristale, inokufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso ye-wafer ...
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